“The Third Wave of AI represents a paradigm that merges the strengths of data-driven learning and structured symbolic reasoning, yielding robust, scalable, agentic, and explainable AI systems. This phase is marked by technical innovation, hybrid architectures, increasing societal relevance, and a renewed focus on governance, trust, and responsible deployment. Understanding the evolution, innovations, and challenges of this wave is critical to guiding the future of AI research, policy, and practice.”
“In our project, we’re exploring how AI can combine quick pattern recognition with explicit, rule-based reasoning,” Rossi explains. “For example, a language model might generate an answer, but a symbolic AI component could validate whether the response makes logical sense.”
“AI must develop a richer, more structured understanding of the world” and “we believe AI should augment human intelligence, not replace it. We need to think beyond just scaling models and focus on how intelligence works,” Rossi says. “That means integrating different approaches, not just making models bigger”.
It shows that AI is anybody’s game. But also that no-one is going to win by playing with LLM’s (Generative AI). LLM’s are too large. If somebody wants to get an upper hand here, they’re going to have to invent something fundamentally new, something that I think works differently to LLM’s. You’re getting to General AI, Artificial General Intelligence, probably requires about 5 or 6 new breakthroughs and the company or country that can ramp up those breakthroughs first may win. But just playing around with LLM’s is not really going to get us there.”
